when is the gulf of mexico the calmest

Hurricanes can derail a Caribbean cruise itinerary. During the winter there are fronts coming down from up north and during the summer always the threat of a hurricane. This answer is: The Bay of Biscay, off the west coast of France and north of Spain, and the North Sea can also be rough, but are calmer in the summertime. Although the Caribbean is generally known for smooth sailing, it can get choppy in areas where it meets up with the Atlantic Ocean. Both of these channels are about 100 miles (160 km) wide. She said she would like to try but not for a long cruise which I like, but a short 2-3 night. Looking for the perfect beach with totally calm waters. I don't mean to dismiss the southern itinerary out of San Juan as that is our favorite. The sea condtions can never be predicted. By Later in the summer, a persistent south wind often sets up in the Western Gulf of Mexico. Impacted Itineraries: world cruises, Africa cruises. Rough Waters: The majority of sailing on an Alaska cruise is done in the protected waters of the Inside Passage, but ships sailing to Seward, Whittier or Anchorage must cross the Gulf of Alaska, which is much rougher. 50+ Little Known Gulf Of Mexico Facts Everyone Should Know A storm thousands of miles away can cause unsettled seas in any ocean. The Gulf of Mexico is the ninth largest body of water in the world at a width of 810 nautical miles (1,500 km). and has a midship stateroom location, she should be fine. - Terekhov Igor. Most of the basin was rimmed during the Early Cretaceous by carbonate platforms, and its western flank was involved during the latest Cretaceous and early Paleogene periods in a compressive deformation episode, the Laramide Orogeny, which created the Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico. 25 Best Gulf Coast Beaches - Florida, Texas, Alabama & Mississippi It has been called the "Jacuzzi of Despair". Get expert advice, insider tips and more. The Gulf of Mexico is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Straits of Florida, between Cuba and the U.S. state of Florida. The warm water then moves north, where it forces cooler water to sink and move south. The Deepwater Horizon rig, owned and operated by offshore-oil-drilling company . The Gulf of Mexico borders the southeastern coast of North America. The best time to fish the Gulf of Mexico is between April and September in the coastal waters of Mexico, Texas, Cuba, Florida, and Louisiana. 3. The Atlantic Oceanfacts and information - Environment LauraS Gulf Of Mexico facts. Both of these channels . 19952023, The Independent Traveler, Inc. Hurricane Harvey: A Look Back at the Storm, Sail Here, Not There: Avoiding Overtourism in Cruise Ports, 8 Reasons to Cruise on a Refurbished Ship, 10 Best Cruise Destinations for Hot Air Balloon Rides. If you are really set on Mexico look into Akumal. The first oil well was drilled in the Gulf in 1938. But unless you are prone to seasickness it's more a novelty than a problem, and being able to experience the beauty of Belize, Curaao, and Roatan makes it worth flying to San Juan. Trying to decide on a western itinerary that goes more into the gulf of Mexico or eastern that is more in the Caribbean/ Atlantic. Drake Passage/Cape Horn, Chile: This is one place that even dyed-on-the-wool cruise fans . We did a two week eastern Caribbean cruise February a couple of years back and I don't recal the ship (Ventura) move at all :-). The Gulf of Mexico is fed by the waters of 33 American rivers, the largest of which is the Mississippi River. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. During the Late Jurassic, continued rifting widened the Gulf of Mexico and progressed to the point that sea-floor spreading and formation of oceanic crust occurred. A Mediterranean cruise rarely experiences significant seas. Warm water is heated by the Gulf Stream, a warm air current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico. A less well-defined pattern exists in the western gulf. The southeastern portion of the gulf is traversed by a riverlike current that becomes the main source of the North Atlantic Gulf Stream; this is the principal current moving oceanic waters through the gulf. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Where are the calmest ocean waters in the world? - Short-Fact This thinning created a broad zone of transitional crust, which displays modest and uneven thinning with block faulting, and a broad zone of uniformly thinned transitional crust, which is half the typical 40-kilometer (25mi) thickness of normal continental crust. After training with the 4th U-boat Flotilla, U-166 was transferred to the 10th U-boat Flotilla for front-line service on June 1, 1942. [8][9][13][14] Seafloor spreading stopped at the end of Jurassic time, about 145150million years ago. The surf is far gentler, and the slope of the much-softer sands into the Gulf is far more gentle on the Gulf side. Amante, C. and B.W. Which Waters Do You Pass Through When You Sail the Seven Seas? Sea surface temperatures in February vary between 64 F (18 C) in the northern gulf and 76 F (24 C) off the Yucatn coast. Started August 27, 2021, By Address: Boulevard Mar De Cortez, 23403 San Jos del Cabo, B.C.S., Mexico. She does suffer from a little vertigo even on dry land and doesn't want to spend weeks being sick. Impacted Itineraries: One-way Alaska sailings. Rough Waters: Oceans are nearly always choppier than seas because they're less protected from sheltering land masses. Do take a larger ship nd not one of the smaller ships that run the 3-day Bahamas route as they are much less stable in open water. jellybeana, February 17, 2010 in Ask a Cruise Question. Offshore Waters Forecast for the Gulf of Mexico. By May 1, 2010, the oil spill cleanup efforts were underway but hampered by rough seas and the "tea like" consistency of the oil. 1 Where are the calmest ocean waters in the world? The Gulf of Mexico is known for being as calm as a lake, unlike its friend, The Atlantic. Such as. In my experience, the area from Stuart to Delray Beach is the best for crystal clear water. There is extreme variability in both current direction and speed on the continental shelf and in the coastal waters of the gulf, where currents are subjected to seasonal and annual variations caused not only by major circulation patterns but also by changes in the prevailing wind direction. The deciding factor is which will have the calmer water, not the itinerary stops. I hope the two of you enjoy a wonderful cruise (and more to come) together! Cuba and Mexico: Exchange of notes constituting an agreement on the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone of Mexico in the sector adjacent to Cuban maritime areas (with map), of July 26, 1976. Because it is protected from larger ocean currents by the Florida and Yucatan peninsulas. During the summer months, the Gulf of Mexico will be five or more degrees warmer than the Atlantic Ocean. There are frequent "red tide" algae blooms[44] that kill fish and marine mammals and cause respiratory problems in humans and some domestic animals when the blooms reach close to shore. When is the calmest water in the Gulf of Mexico? Second, as rifting progressed through Early and Middle Jurassic times, the continental crust was stretched and thinned. [25] The Gulf's southwestern and southern shores lie along the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatn, and the northernmost tip of Quintana Roo. Living in Denver, would a short cruise from the west coast interest you? That's the only time we've experienced heavier movement on the ships in normal, calm weather. My experience is mostly in the Gulf and I noticed right away the difference when I worked offshore Brazil. Snorkeling right off the beach with the most amazing turtles, rays, barracuda, large game fish etc. Since that time thousands of wells have followed. The Gulf may reach 92 degrees or more. From the floor of the basin rise the Sigsbee Knolls, some of which attain heights of 1,300 feet (400 metres); these are surface expressions of the buried salt domes. This land lay south of a continuous mountain range that extended from north-central Mexico, through the Marathon Uplift in West Texas and the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma, and to Alabama where it linked directly to the Appalachian Mountains. At the time of the photograph, The Galveston Airport, Scholes Field, reported calm winds. Rosewood Mayakoba. Set on 20 acres, the luxury resort has numerous pools peppered throughout the property, as well as four restaurants, and a vast stretch of beach - though because of its location, it is not safe for swimming. Offshore Waters Forecast (Gulf of Mexico) - National Hurricane Center Lined with family-style beach resorts and independent inns with retro appeal, St. Pete Beach stretches for around 35 sugar-spun miles to the southwest of Tampa along the Gulf of Mexico. The U-boat sailed on only two war patrols and sank four ships totalling 7,593gross register tons(GRT). . As a tropical island in the Caribbean Sea, Cozumel is a popular adventurers' destination known for its breathtaking sights, scuba diving, and hospitality. A ship now called the Mardi Gras sank around the early 19th century about 35mi (56km) off the coast of Louisiana in 4,000 feet (1,200m) of water. Clicking on the map below takes you to TAFB's marine services webpage where you can get offshore forecasts and warnings for the tropical Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean in many different forms, including text and graphics. . Major Gulfs The Gulf of Mexico, bordered by the United States, Mexico, and the island nation of Cuba, is the world's largest gulf. Although it's atypical to sail on a cruise ship through the roughest waters and worst weather, you might be surprised to learn that ships regularly traverse some roiling seas. And if she talks with her doctor (due to the vertigo) and takes a preventative medication (whether it's Bonine, etc.) The Gulf of Mexico is known for beautiful white-sand beaches and exciting offshore fishing. Particularly damaging hurricanes included one in Galveston, Texas, in 1900 and another in and around New Orleans in 2005. Biloxi is a great place to swim on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi. Playa del Carmen[SEE MAP] The beach here is lovely- for those who like to relax, the sand is clean and the water calm. Since the seas are usually calm, this is also a great time to take kids out for their first trips out or to schedule deep sea fishing party boat charters. Bottom-water temperatures of about 43 F (6 C) have been recorded near the northern part of the Yucatn Channel. In 1510, he accompanied Diego Velzquez de Cullar, an aide of the governor of Hispaniola, in his expedition to conquer Cuba. When is the gulf of mexico the calmest - ivt.visitriyadh.info The abyssal plain, which forms the floor of the gulf, consists of a large triangular area near the centre, bounded by abrupt fault scarps toward Florida and the Yucatn Peninsula and by more gentle slopes to the north and west. The volume of water in the basin is roughly 2.4106 cubic kilometers (5.8105 cubic miles). Almost half of the basin consists of shallow continental-shelf waters. Wiki User. . [27], The Gulf is considered aseismic; however, mild tremors have been recorded throughout history (usually 5.0 or less on the Richter magnitude scale). The water temperature off Miami averages 72 F (22 C) over winter. What happens to atoms during chemical reaction? The deciding factor is which will have the calmer water, not the itinerary stops. 1003 AM EST Wed Mar 1 2023. Deepwater Horizon oil spill, also called Gulf of Mexico oil spill, largest marine oil spill in history, caused by an April 20, 2010, explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil riglocated in the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 41 miles (66 km) off the coast of Louisianaand its subsequent sinking on April 22. Perfectly calm in Akumal Bay. Sharks can be caught with different types of baits including live and dead baits. The outer margins of the wide continental shelves of Yucatn and Florida receive cooler, nutrient-enriched waters from the deep by a process known as upwelling, which stimulates plankton growth in the euphotic zone. Large 2019 dead zone in Gulf of Mexico | Earth | EarthSky The US portion of the Gulf coastline spans 1,680 miles (2,700km), receiving water from 33 major rivers that drain 31 states. In the Atlantic, a hurricane will draw up cool water from the depths and making it less likely that further hurricanes will follow in its wake (warm water being one of the preconditions necessary for their formation). Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. However, avid cruisers have experienced rough seas in the spring and summer, so be prepared for anything. The country is estimated to have about 500 beaches, not including endless wild shorelines and private lands. South Florida Continental Shelf and Slope, Learn how and when to remove this template message, U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, List of invasive marine fish in the Gulf of Mexico, United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Gulf of Mexico a sea in Atlantic Ocean", "Late Jurassic aptychi from the La Caja Formation of northeastern Mexico", "Cenozoic evolution of sediment accumulation in deltaic and shore-zone depositional systems, Northern Gulf of Mexico Basin", "Deep-Sea Brine Lake Dubbed 'Jacuzzi of Despair', "Christopher Columbus - The second and third voyages", "Amerigo Vespucci | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts", "National Water Program Guidance: FY 2005", "Warm Waters Provide Fuel for Potential Storms", "6.0 Magnitude Earthquake in Gulf of Mexico Shakes Southeast", United States Geological Survey, September 11, 2006, "Mexico's Attempt to Extend its Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles Serves as a Model for the International Community, Mexican Law Review, Volume V, Number 2, Jan. June 2013", "Mystery Mardi Gras Shipwreck Documentary", "Historic Shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico", "The Discovery of U 166: Rewriting History with New Technology", STATUS REVIEW OF BRYDES WHALES (BALAENOPTERA EDENI) IN THE GULF OF MEXICO UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT, "Smithsonian Holdings to Aid Researchers in the Gulf", "Testimony to the Subcommittee on Insular Affairs, Oceans and Wildlife; Committee on Natural Resources; U.S. House of Representatives", "The Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone and Red Tides", "A 'Dead Zone' in The Gulf of Mexico: Scientists Say Area That Cannot Support Some Marine Life Is Near Record Size", "New Jersey-Size 'Dead Zone' Is Largest Ever in Gulf of Mexico", "Extensive Reproductive Disruption, Ovarian Masculinization and Aromatase Suppression in Atlantic Croaker in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone", "Burning oil rig sinks, setting stage for spill; 11 still missing", "Size of Spill in Gulf of Mexico Is Larger Than Thought", "Race to plug leaking oil well off La. Covering a 14-mile stretch, Cancun Beach is one of the most popular beaches in all of Mexico. Although the Spanish voyage of Christopher Columbus was credited with the discovery of the Americas by Europeans, the ships in his four voyages never reached the Gulf of Mexico. [8][14][15], To the east, the stable Florida platform was not covered by the sea until the latest Jurassic or the beginning of Cretaceous time. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Straits of Florida, running between the peninsula of Florida and the island of Cuba, and to the Caribbean Sea by the Yucatn Channel, which runs between the Yucatn Peninsula and Cuba. Water from the Caribbean enters through the Yucatn Channel, the floor of which forms a sill (submarine ridge between basins) at about 1 mile (1.6 km) beneath the surface, and flows out in a clockwise direction via the Straits of Florida. The Mexican portion of the Gulf coastline spans 1,743 miles (2,805km). With so many islands so close to each other the seas should be just fine in Jan/Feb. I think once she gets passed the first time she will be fine and won't want to stop. [5], The Smithsonian Institution Gulf of Mexico holdings are expected to provide an important baseline of understanding for future scientific studies on the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. . [51] It was in the process of being sealed with cement for temporary abandonment, to avoid environmental problems. This leak created a visible 2 by 13 miles (3.2 by 20.9km) oil slick in the sea about 97 miles (156km) south of Port Fourchon, Louisiana, according to the U.S. Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Straits of Florida, running between the peninsula of Florida and the island of Cuba, and to the Caribbean Sea by the Yucatn Channel, which runs between the Yucatn Peninsula and Cuba. Located after Highway 59 ends at the Gulf of Mexico, this beach is quintessential Gulf Shores: long stretches of pale-colored strands, seafood shacks, lively nightclubs, and ample outdoor activities. 15 Best Beaches in Mexico - The Crazy Tourist just do it! When does hurricane season occur in the Gulf of Mexico? It is sheltered in almost every direction for safe swimming, and the location is shallow enough that the chilly Pacific water warms early here. Sawyer, D. S., R. T. Buffler, and R. H. Pilger, Jr., 1991. Situated in the southwestern part of the Gulf, the Sigsbee Deep (Mexico Basin) is the deepest region in the Gulf of Mexico that has an estimated depth of over 4,384m. EMPLOYMENT '16-'19: Indiana University; EMPLOYMENT '14-'15: University of California. Encounter a storm in the South China Sea or other Asian waters, and you could find an unpleasant ride, not to mention some skipped ports. Find a cruise that the two of you might enjoy, go and have a great time. I have heard that more people die in the bathtub than on cruise ships.;). The basin is unusually flat, having a gradient of only about 1 foot (0.3 metre) in every 8,000 feet (2,440 metres). On April 5, 2022, changes to the Tropical Analysis and Forecast Branch (TAFB) offshore marine zones were made. Grab a rental car and hit the dirt roads to reach Playa Balandra, and . 1/19. Credit itinerary from San Juan that visits an island virtually every day, will ease her anxiety (knowing you will be in port the next morning may help "if" she feels discomfort despite using motion sickness preventitives);). Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Started October 12, 2018, Copyright 19952023 The Independent Traveler, Inc. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Sadly the seas can kick up anytime of the year. Most Frequently Asked Questions about Florida Beaches On July 15, 2010, BP announced that the leak stopped for the first time in 88 days. One officer, nine crewmen and 15 passengers were lost. The ocean at Miami remains the country's hottest, outside of tropical islands, throughout December, January and February. Native sea life thrives, though at much slower pace with just a few notable . Gulf of Mexico | - Pinellas.WaterAtlas.org On May 27, 2010, The USGS had revised the estimate of the leak from 5,000 barrels per day (790m3/d) to 12,00019,000 barrels per day (3,000m3/d)[55] an increase from earlier estimates. Mexico has about 7,000 miles of coastline, and beaches include the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf of California, the Caribbean Sea, and the Pacific Ocean. These high-pressure areas are part of a globe-encircling belt in which air from the westerlies to the north and from the tropics to the south sinks about 900 feet (275 metres) per day and is warmed by compression, so that the weather there is . Thanks for any help. The deepest point is in the Mexico Basin (Sigsbee Deep), which is 17,070 feet (5,203 metres) below sea level. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Straits of Florida, running between the peninsula of Florida and the island of Cuba, and to the Caribbean Sea by the Yucatn Channel, which runs between the Yucatn Peninsula and Cuba. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Which is calmer? - Gulf of Mexico or eastern side of Caribbean? Cruises & Rough Seas | USA Today Fishing is productive in the Gulf because of the connection with tidal streams and local estuaries. We took 2 with no sea days and would not recommend that for a first cruise, of course.. I need help picking the calmest, smoothest waters so at least we can start out on the right foot. In 1973 the United States Environmental Protection Agency prohibited the dumping of undiluted chemical waste by manufacturing interests into the Gulf and the military confessed to similar behavior in waters off Horn Island. Just be aware that when going to Central America or Aruba you may have a bit more movement. Off the west coast of Florida as well as off the Yucatn Peninsula, the continental shelf consists of a broad area composed primarily of carbonate material. Best Times & Seasons to Fish the Gulf of Mexico (Full Guide) Iberville's fleet sailed from Brest on October 24, 1698. Arctic Ocean. 3 Which ocean is the warmest in the world? Carnival has 3 & 4 day sailings from Long Beach, CA and Royal Caribbean's 'Radiance of the Seas' offers a 5 night on 5/3/10 r.t. from San Diego. Since this would extend Mexico's continental shelf well into territory claimed by the United States, however, Mexico and the U.S. would need to enter a bilateral agreement based on international law that delimits their respective claims. 11 BEST BEACHES in Mexico - Tulum, Cancun, Los Cabos, Puerto Vallarta Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. 21 Best Beaches in Mexico - Travel + Leisure This loss, in combination with other ship disasters around the Gulf of Mexico, gave rise to a plan for establishing a settlement on the northern Gulf Coast to protect shipping and more quickly rescue castaways. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Getty Images. 3. This article extensively discusses 11 of the deadliest animals you should avoid in the Gulf of Mexico and some safety tips you should know. That southern is a great cruise, although it can be quite a busy one. As you get further south you can experience rougher evenings but it really depends so much on the prevailing weather. The dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico has harmful effects on marine life and fisheries, and so scientists have set a target to have the dead zone grow to no larger than 1,900 square miles (4921 . height of the highest 1/3 of the waves. [31] According to the September 11, 2006 issue of The Tampa Tribune, earthquake tremors were last felt in Florida in 1952, recorded in Quincy, 20 miles (32km) northwest of Tallahassee. Families with kids will love the calm waters to swim and splash. The Gulf Stream, a warm Atlantic Ocean current and one of the strongest ocean currents known, originates in the gulf, as a continuation of the Caribbean Current-Yucatn Current-Loop Current system. Region: Gulf Coast. Individual waves may be. The badly damaged Robert E. Lee first listed to port then to starboard and finally sank within about 15 minutes of the attack. Cruise-e-Q, January 1, 2015 in Caribbean - Other. The Gulf of Mexico is a rich reservoir of natural gas and oil. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. You can't guarantee the seas with Mother Nature, but please keep in mind that the ships are so large now with huge stabilizers, etc. CC Help Jenn Come to List Your Fishing Services; Login; Travel & Accomodations; List Your Fishing Services; Login; Travel & Accomodations; Trips from: $1,300.00. The biggest offender is the Mediterranean, which tends to be roughest in the fall and winter, due to winds and storms. Emily Kask for The New York Times. The Gulf of Mexico provides a few of the finest seatrout, flounder, and redfish angling on the east coast however it's house to nice tuna, marlin, swordfish, and mahi-mahi angling as properly. Any suggestions? PC-566 began dropping depth charges on a sonar contact, sinking U-166. Offshore Waters Forecast (Gulf of Mexico) - National Hurricane Center It has a coastline of about 5,000 kilometers (3,100 miles). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". On December 13, 2007, Mexico submitted information to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) regarding the extension of Mexico's continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles. How to Avoid Rough Seas on a Cruise - Cruiseline.com Only one safe place your bathtub. The contract gave him one year to gather an army, leave Spain, be large enough to found at least two towns of 100 people each, and garrison two more fortresses anywhere along the coast. The only sure thing would be a river cruise - or perhaps the Staten Island ferry (great price for a short cruise). Best Times & Seasons to Fish the Gulf of Mexico (Full Guide) Because cruises that sail to Canada hug the New England shoreline, the ocean isn't as tempestuous unless there's a Nor'easter in the forecast. [40] Recently, resident Bryde's whales within the gulf were classified as an endemic, unique subspecies and making them as one of the most endangered whales in the world. 7 Things You Didn't Know About the Gulf of Mexico - 30A Winter is most often a time for quiet reflective walks on the beach, as the afternoon temperatures are often quite mild. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Offshore Waters Forecast for the Gulf of Mexico. I find that the Atlantic norht of PR and the VI is always rough this time of year. 20 Top-Rated Beach Resorts in Mexico | PlanetWare In the open gulf the salinity is comparable to that of the North Atlantic, about 36 parts per thousand. We've been on several western, eastern, and southern Carib cruises and the rougher water has always been in the more open waters of the southern as we made our way south to the ABC islands. However, the Gulf is shallower; when a hurricane passes over the water temperature may drop but it soon rebounds and becomes capable of supporting another tropical storm. Impacted Itineraries: Eastern, Southern and Western Caribbean. He arrived in time to greet Garca de Escalante Alvarado (a nephew of Pedro de Alvarado), commander of the salvage operation, when Alvarado arrived by sea on July 22, 1554. Church and Daniel J. Warren. In fact, on a July, August or September evening, the Gulf water is warmer than the air. Snapper, redfish, tuna, sailfish, and mahi-mahi are best caught during this season. 000 FZNT24 KNHC 022040 OFFNT4 Offshore Waters Forecast for the Gulf of Mexico NWS National Hurricane Center Miami, FL 340 PM EST Thu Mar 2 2023 Offshore Waters Forecast for the Gulf of Mexico Seas given as significant wave height, which is the average height of the highest 1/3 of the waves. that very few people get seasick these days. A visit to Mexico is a popular choice for many reasons. [19] The first alleged European exploration of the Gulf of Mexico was by Amerigo Vespucci in 1497. jellybeana, your mom is about my mom's age and we treasure the memories from our seven night cruise. When is the calmest water in the Gulf of Mexico? Eakins, 2009. There the currents are relatively weak, varying appreciably in intensity with season and location.

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